1. Active Causative a. Causative "Have " Rumus:
Contoh:
- I have him clean my shoes (saya menyuruhnya membersihkan sepatuku)
- Mary has George climbs the tree
- You must haveSusie study hard
Contoh:
- He gets John to brush the shoes
- They get me to wash the clothes
- She will get Anne to accompany her to the party tomorrow
Contoh:
- The government got the bridge built quickly
- We must have the floor cleaned as soon as possible
a. Causative "Make"
Penggunaannya sama dengan causative di atas, namun perintahnya lebih keras (sedikit memaksa) Rumus: Kata kerja bentuk I
Contoh:
- The teacher always makes the students stay in their own seats
- Bob made his son be quiet in the library
Contoh:
- I want this chairs painted (saya mau kursi-kursi ini dicat)
- He wants the cars repaired
SUMBER LAIN
CAUSATIVE
HAVE & GET
Causative adalah kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyuruh orang lain untuk mengerjakan sesuatu. Bentuk suruhan ini ada dua macam, yaitu menggunakan bentuk “have(has/had) dan get (gets/got).
Tiga bentuk Causative menggunakan “Get” dan “Have”
1. Causative Menggunakan Get dengan obyek orang/manusia
Bentuk kalimat :
S + get(gets/got) + orang + to infinitive
Contoh :
Yesterday, he got the woman to wash the shirt.
2. Causative Menggunakan Have dengan Obyek orang/manusia
Bentuk kalimat :
S + have (has/had) + orang + Verb1
Contoh :
Yesterday, he had the woman wash the shirt.
3. Causative Menggunakan Get atau Have dengan Obyek Benda
Apabila have/get diikuti obyek pasif(benda), maka bentuk kalimat :
S + have /Get + benda + Verb3
Contoh :
I get my motorcycle repaired.
Catatan :
Bentuk Have dam get bisa berubah tenses menjadi had, will have, got dan sebagainya, tanpa mengubah verb(kata kerja) yang mengikutinya.
Hal yang pertama dilihat dari Causative adalah obyek yang mengikuti have/get. Jika obyek yang mengikuti adalah benda, maka bisa dipastikan Verb nya ada pada bentuk ketiga (V3). Sedangkan jika orang/manusia maka tergantung yang digunakan, jika Get pasti menggunakan to infinitive kalau Have menggunakan Verb1
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SUMBER LAIN
Certain verbs can be used to express a causal relationship between the subject and object in a sentence. Some of them require a "to" while others do not. Note the following patterns:
- With "to"S + V + O + to V (O)
I allowed Jim to clean up the mess.
I asked Jim to clean up the mess.
I told Jim to clean up the mess.
I persuaded Jim to clean up the mess.*
Without "to"S + V + O + V (O)
I let Jim clean up the mess.
I had Jim clean up the mess.
I made Jim clean up the mess.
Some verbs use the pattern, S + V that S + V (the second verb is in the base form)
- I insisted that Laura do her homework.I suggested that Laura do her homework.
I recommended that Laura do her homework.
(not "does") *Other verbs which can be used with this pattern are ask, require, request, and demand.
- We made Kevin to finish his supper.
In the ECPE grammar section there will be a few questions where you have to spot the correct order of the words. Sometimes an inversion is needed; sometimes not.
1 Questions and sentences that might look like questions
The ECPE grammar section might try to trick you with a sentence that might look like a question when it isn't.
They are bound to ask us _____.We need "why" to complete this sentence but option c is wrong because this sentence is not a question (so we don't want the inverted verb-subject word order). The correct answer is b.
- if has been cancelled the order
- why the order was cancelled
- why did we cancel the order
- the reason to be cancelled the order
Don't be caught out by longer questions that have the inversion in an initial phrase such as: "Could you tell me..." "Would you mind..." etc. If there is an inversion at the beginning like this, there won't be another inversion in the main part of the sentence. For example:
Would you be so kind as to tell me where the money is? (Not "...where is the money")And don't be caught out by sentences used to make enquiries that are not really questions.
"I wonder if you could tell me when the next train to Houston is due." (Not "...when is the next train to Houston due")2 Inversions with "so", "neither" and "nor"
When "so", "neither" and "nor" are used to make short agreements they are followed by an inversion.
"I am not into hip hop."
"Neither am I." (Or: "Nor am I.")
"I am fond of flamenco dancing."Or they can be used in the following way (also including an inversion).
"So am I."
Jennifer buys only organic fruit and vegetables, and so does Hugh.3 Inversions after negative adverbials
They don't mind the higher prices, and neither do we. (Or: ...nor do we.)
There are some words and phrases that function as adverbials that sometimes need an inversion. Look at these two sentences.
Bob rarely speaks to himself.The adverb here is "rarely". If it comes after the subject, there is no inversion (as in the first sentence), but if it comes before the subject, we need an inversion. The word order is inverted and in the case of the sentence about Bob we use the auxilliary verb "does" in the same way we do in questions (although this isn't a question).
Rarely does Bob speak to himself.
The sentence with the inversion sounds more formal or more literary, and sentences like this are less common in ordinary conversation.
Here are some examples with other phrases used in the same way.
Seldom does Bob get invited to parties. (seldom = rarely)
Never have we seen such a breathtaking view.
At no time did the prisoner look as if he might confess.
Not only is she a great dancer but she is also an amazing mathematician.
Not until she took up rock climbing did she overcome her fear of heights.
Under no circumstances* will prisoners be allowed to give interviews to the media.
Little** did she realize that her grandmother was really a wolf.* This is used to describe rules for which there are no exceptions. The alternative without the inversion is: Prisoners will not be allowed to give interviews to the media under any circumstances.
** This means that the girl didn't realize at all that her grandmother was really a wolf.
N.B. Remember that no inversion is possible if the adverbial doesn't come before the subject. Compare the following sentences with the corresponding sentences above.
She is not only a great dancer but she is also an amazing mathematician.
It was not until Effie left Brooklyn that she realized how attached she had become to the place.
The following three are used to describe an event that happened immediately after another.
Note that the past perfect tense is used to describe the event that happened first.
Hardly had he stepped outside when it started to rain.
Scarcely had he stepped outside when it started to rain.
No sooner had he stepped outside than it started to rain.
The following sentences with "only" include inversions. Note that it is not always the first verb that is inverted.
Only after he arrived at the airport did he look for his passport.Note that there is no inversion when "only" is used in the following way.
Only if you look through this dark glass will you be able to see the spots on the sun.
We accepted the invitation. Only later did we suspect it might be a trap.
Only by threatening extreme physical violence was the teacher able to control the class.
Only Fiona knew the answer to the question.3 Conditionals with inversions
In conditional (hypothetical) sentences we can sometimes drop "if" and use an inversion.
Should you see Nigel, give him my regards.Note that "should", "were" and "had" are the only verbs that can be inverted in this way. (And "were" is also used with he, she and it.)
Were I in your shoes, I would make a formal complaint.
Had I known it was her birthday, I would have bought her a gift.
4 Inversions with "as"
Elisabeth was too shy to dance, as was Gerald.In these sentences "as" indicates the similarity between two things.
She decided to leave early, as did Gerald.
5 Inversions with "so" and "such"
So excited were they that they couldn't sit still.Note that "so" is followed by an adjective and "such" can be replaced by "so great" (So great was their excitement that...).
Such was their excitement that they began to jump up and down.
6 Inversions after adjectives
A few very literary sentences begin with an adjective and include an inversion.
Blessed are the children who are still unaware of what the future holds.However there is no inversion in the following sentence.
Gone* are the days when I could have been happy.
* Here the past participle is used like an adjective.
Strange as it may seem, we were sorry to leave in the end.
Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning.
Begin as shown.
1 Examples:
No-one should enter this room under/in any circumstances.
Under/In no circumstances should anyone enter this room.
She
at no time told me who she was/She didn’t tell me who
she was
at any time.
At no time did she tell me who she was.
I have
rarely seen such a beautiful butterfly.
Rarely have I seen such a beautiful butterfly.
I have
never heard such a stupid thing.
Never have I heard such a stupid thing.
I did not witness the robbery,
either.
Neither/Nor1 (less formal) did I witness the robbery.
When a sentence contains a negative word or expression
2, it
is sometimes placed at the beginning in formal English to
give a more dramatic effect. However, the order of the
sentence is the same as though it were an interrogative
sentence
3.
a We have seldom fished so much here. (Seldom...)
b They are in no way responsible for what occurred last night.
(In no way...)
c You should not on any account take these pills when you
drink alcohol. (On no account...)
d She not once offered us her help. (Not once...)
e I did not became aware of what was going on until I saw
her weeping. (Not until...)
2 Examples:
It was only when my children arrived home safely that I
felt relieved.
Only when my children arrived home safely did I feel relieved.
We did
not know anything about what was going to happen to us
next.
Little did we know about what was going to happen to us next.
I
well remember when I saw her for the first time.
Well do I remember when I saw her for the first time.
I was so happy that I arranged a big party/My happines was
such
that I arranged a big party.
So happy was I that I arranged a big party/Such4 was my
happines that I arranged a big party.
I waited for you to come back
many times/many a time.
Many is the time (that5) I waited for you to come back/Many a
time
did I wait for you to come back.
Notice that if we put some words or phrases at the beginning
of the sentence, inversion is required.
a She agreed to go out with him only when he bought her some
flowers. (Only when...)
b We little realised the dangers that were awaiting us. (Little
...)
c He was so tired that he slept for fourteen hours. (So tired
...)
d My delight was such that I bought everybody a drink. (Such...)
e I love him to such an extent that I would even give my life
for him. (To such an extent...)
3 Examples:
We had hardly/scarcely/barely
6 started to watch the film when
the light went off.
Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had we started to watch
the film when the light went off.
I felt much better after I took a sachet of this medicine/I
had
no sooner taken a sachet of this medicine than I felt
much better.
No sooner had I taken a sachet of this medicine than I felt
much better.
They had no sooner started the engine than the car exploded/
Immediately they started the engine, the car exploded.
No sooner had they started the engine than the car exploded.
I was
no sooner informed of the facts than I took legal
action/
As soon as I was informed of the facts, I took legal
action.
No sooner was I informed of the facts than I took legal
action.
As soon as he sees a pretty girl, he asks her to go out with
him/He
no sooner sees a pretty girl than he asks her to go
out with him.
No sooner does he see a pretty girl than he asks her to go out
with him.
They not only took care of me, but (they) also
7 treated me as
if I were their own daughter.
Not only did they take care of me, but (they) also treated me
as if I were their own daughter.
a They not only supply us with food, but also with drinks.
(Not only...)
b We had no sooner eaten it than we had a terrible stomach-ache.
(No sooner...)
c I had hardly gone to bed when the telephone rang. (Hardly...)
d She took him to the zoo and to the cinema as well. (Not only
...)
e The cock crows as soon as the day breaks. (No sooner...)
4 Examples:
If you should need a sun protection cream, please tell me.
Should you need a sun protection cream, please tell me.
If I were you, I would try to fascinate her.
Were I you, I would try to fascinate her.
If they had confessed everything, they would have been
expelled from school.
Had they confessed everything, they would have been expelled
from school.
For details,
see unit 24, section 14.
a If you should need a good make-up remover, please let me
know. (Should...)
b If I were to win the first prize in the national lottery, I
would no longer work. (Were...)
c If you hadn’t flooded the engine, it would have started at
once. (Had you...)
d If my parents should need me, I will never let them
down. (Should...)
e If I were in your place, I would try to be more assertive.
(Were...)
5 Examples
8:
Peter goes up again.
Up goes Peter again. (But Up he goes again)
The beautiful scenery I had been told about lay/was below me.
Below me lay/was the beautiful scenery I had been told about.
In the first case, we have a verb of movement. In the second,
an intransitive verb or the verb
be is required. The inverted
sentences give an emphatic effect, but they mean the same as
the non-inverted ones. Note that we do not use do, does or
did with this type of inversion.
a My brother went off without saying a word. (Off...)
b He went off without saying a word. (Off...)
c Her toys were along the corridor. (Along the corridor...)
d The castle stands on a hill. (On a hill...)
e Your chance to speak out is now. (Now...)
6 Revision exercise.
a You shouldn’t in any way consider him as your worst enemy. (In
no way...)
b You must on no account upset your parents. (On no account...)
c Mr and Mrs Adam live across the bridge. (Across the bridge...)
d I was so scared that I could not even scream. (So scared...)
e The horrific view of the massacre was in front of us. (In
front of us...)
f The canyon lies behind those mountains. (Behind those
mountains...)
g He only then became aware of the dangers of the jungle.
(Only then...)
h She had scarcely begun to study when her boyfriend rang the
bell. (Scarcely...)
i I won’t go trekking with him. (No way...)
j My terror was such that I couldn’t move. (Such...)
k I had no sooner switched on the dishwasher than it broke down.
(No sooner...)
l As soon as he saw her, he fell in love with her. (No sooner
...)
m If we had known that you were interested in buying the block
of flats, we would have sold it to you. (Had...)
n Your mother went down the road. (Down the road...)
o She went down the road. (Down the road...)
p This disease is common only in hot countries. (Only in
hot countries...)
q You will never again
9 have such an opportunity. (Never again
...)
r We not only wrote to her many times, but telephone her twice,
too. (Not only...)
s Immediately he learnt about his mother’s incurable disease,
he cried his eyes out. (No sooner...)
t We have both put aside some money and stocked up with a
lot of groceries from the shop next door. (Not only...)
u I did not use suntan lotion, either. (Neither...)
v The wood pigeon flew up. (Up...)
w If you should increase our wages, we will work overtime.
(Should...)
x She had hardly taken everything out of the picnic basket when
it began to rain. (Hardly...)
y If you were to buy a new car, which of these would you
choose? (Were...)
z My humiliation was such that I did not know what to do. (Such
...)
____________________
1 Note the following, as well:
‘
I don’t like meat.’
‘
Neither/Nor do I’ (Compare: I don’t either.)
The opposite is
So do I. See unit 5.
2 Observe that words or expressions like never, rarely and
seldom are considered negative in English.
3
See unit 1.
4
See also unit 17, section 5, footnote 2.
5 When is also possible, but less usual.
6 Hardly (the most usual), scarcely and barely go with the
past perfect tense.
No sooner may also be used with other
tenses, but never for actions that will take place in the
future. You cannot therefore say: No sooner do I see her,
I will invite her to my birthday party.
7 Instead of also, we can use too or as well:
They not only took care of me, but (they) treated me as
if I were their own daughter(,)
too/as well.
Not only did they take care of me, but (they) treated me
as if I were their own daughter(,) too/as well.
8 Compare the following:
‘Where are my socks?’
‘I don’t know, but I’ll help you to look for them.’
(After a while)
‘Here are your socks!’ (But Here they are!)
Mother (on the phone): Have you seen my son anywhere?
Uncle: He’s
here with us.
‘There goes your girlfriend.’ (But There she goes.)
‘Oh, thank you... Margaret!’
‘Do you know if Margaret is at home?’
‘On, yes! She’s there.’
9 Or You will never have such an opportunity again.
Author: Miquel Molina i Diez
Pages: 1 and the key
Characteristics of the Subject
FUNCTION
PAGE 3/9 The grammatical Subject has a number of characteristics which we will examine here.
1. Subject-Verb Inversion
In a declarative sentence, the Subject comes before the verb:
interrogative, the Subject and the verb change places with each other: When we change this into aDeclarative
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<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-2">Click here to see how the subject and verb change places') document.write ('</font>
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') document.write (' </TR> ') } // --><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE="-1">Interrogative:</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1"> Is David unwell? </FONT></FONT>
If an auxiliary verb is present, however, the Subject changes places with the auxiliary:Interrogative:
-auxiliary: In this interrogative, the Subject still comes before the main verb, but after the auxiliary. This is true also of interrogatives with aleft already? Declarative:
Subject-verb inversion is probably the most reliable method of identifying the Subject of a sentence.
Declarative:
Interrogative:
2. Position of the Subject
constituent: In a declarative sentence, the Subject is usually the
However, there are exceptions to this. For instance:Jim
, inverts with the verb in the interrogative: , and not , but this is not the Subject of the sentence. Notice that Here, the first constituent is the adverb phrasethe theatre was closed
, even though it is not the first constituent in the sentence. So the Subject here isYesterdayDeclarative
3. Subject-verb Agreement
Subject-verb AGREEMENT or CONCORD relates to number agreement (singular or plural) between the Subject and the verb which follows it:
There are two important limitations to Subject-verb agreement. Firstly, agreement only applies when the verb is in the present tense. In the past tense, there is no overt agreement between the Subject and the verb:The dogs
And secondly, agreement applies only to third person Subjects. There is no distinction, for example, between a first person singular Subject and a first person plural Subject:all night The dogs howl
The concept of NOTIONAL AGREEMENT sometimes comes into play:I
. , the Subject is interpreted as having a plural meaning, since it relates to a collection of individual people. Accordingly, the verb has the plural form , the Subject is interpreted as a unit, requiring a singular form of the verb. In Here, the form of the verb is not determined by the form of the Subject. Instead, it is determined by how we interpret the Subject. Inconsidering the proposal The government
4. Subjective Pronouns
: , always function as Subjects, in contrast with The pronouns
can also be a Subject: The pronounI
left early *
left early *
left early *
: , not but it does not always perform this function. In the following example, the Subject isYou
Tom likes you
List of 18 Types of Subject/Verb Inversion
Any questions? Ask TestMagic!
There are at least eighteen types of inversion:
1. neg intro
2. intro adverbial (in, down, prepositional phrase)
3. intro -ed
4. comparative
5. intro comparative
6. as
7. so... that...
8. had, should, were
9. there is
10. here is
11. intro -ing
12. emphasis
13. the bigger, the better
14. questions
15. "story speech"
16. nor
17. so do I/neither do I
18. intro adjective
Type
Examples
Notes
1. neg intro
Never do I sleep.
Only at night can I study.
In no way could I help you with your Japanese grammar question.
I believe that only rarely will I need your help.
Not until I got home did I realize that my shoes were untied.
Question form is obligatory.
Used with all verbs.
This one is very common on the TOEFL and somewhat common on the GMAT and GRE.
We need to learn the various types of words and phrases that require this type of inversion.
Notice that sometimes the inversion occurs right after the neg intro form and sometimes it occurs in the next subject and verb.
See Neg Intro for more info.
2. intro adverbial
Into the room ran the lady.
First comes love, then comes marriage.
After A comes B, then comes C, next comes D.
Down came the rain and washed the spider out.
Inversion is optional.
Used with be-verbs, linking verbs, and verbs of direction.
This one is less common on the TOEFL, but more common on the GMAT and GRE.
Notice that sometimes we have an adverb, like first and down and sometimes we have an adverb phrase like into the room or after A. These adverbs and adverb phrases usually show location or direction.
This type of inversion usually only occurs with be-verbs, linking verbs and verbs that show direction or movement, like come, go, run, etc.
3. intro –ed
Found in San Francisco is Lombard Street, the so-called crookedest street in the world.
Lost among the old tables and chairs was the priceless Victorian desk.
Located between San Francisco and Marin County is the Golden Gate Bridge.
Inversion is obligatory.
Used with be-verbs.
This one is very common on the TOEFL, GMAT, and GRE.
This type of inversion usually occurs with be-verbs, but sometimes with linking verbs.
Notice that the phrase is the complement of the be-verb.
4. comparatives
Cheetahs run faster than do antelopes.
You speak Chinese better than do I.
Jessica is more interested in Computer Science than is Benjamin.
Inversion is optional.
Used with all verbs.
This form of inversion is common on the TOEFL, GMAT, and GRE.
We normally only have inversion here if we are comparing subjects of the verb, not objects. For example, in the following two sentences, we are comparing objects, carrots and potatoes, not the subject I.:
J I like carrots more than I do potatoes. J
L I like carrots more than do I like potatoes. L
Now, in this sentence, we are comparing subjects, I and my friend Carl:
J I like carrots more than does my friend Carl. J
5. intro comparative
Bigger than an apatosaur is the blue whale.
More important than your personal statement is your GPA.
No less impressive than the invention of the laser was the development of the wheel.
Inversion is obligatory.
Used with be-verbs.
This form is more common on the GMAT and GRE than it is on the TOEFL.
Notice that we can only use this form of inversion when the verb is a be-verb since in every case, the comparative is the complement of the be-verb.
Remember that less than is also a comparative.
6. as
Megumi is from Japan, as is Sato.
So-eun wants to leave early today, as does Oi.
If thrown into the water, camels can swim, as can cats.
Inversion is obligatory.
Used with all verbs.
We can only use inversion if we are using as for comparisons.
as is one of the trickiest words in English; it can have many different meanings.
7. so… that…
So happy was I that I bought flowers for everybody in class.
So quickly did she leave that we did not even realize was gone.
So rarely does a comet appear visible to the naked eye that when one does, it is considered a major event.
Question form is obligatory.
Used with all verbs.
This is not so common on the TOEFL, but is fairly common on the GMAT and GRE.
The so… that… clause must before the verb in for this type of inversion.
8. had, should, were for if-clauses
Had I remembered Tomomi's birthday, she wouldn’t be mad at me now.
Note that the word if does NOT appear in the clause when inversion is used:
Had I remembered = If I had remembered
Should you need a hand, I will be more than happy to help you.
Should you need a hand = If you should need a hand
Were I you, I think I would study more for your exam tomorrow.
Were I you = If I were you
Inversion is obligatory.
Used with all verbs.
This is somewhat common on the TOEFL and more common on the GMAT and GRE.
This type of inversion is kind of special. Notice that we can only use this type of inversion when we are using an if-clause. In other words, if is omitted: even though the word if does not appear in the clause, we still have the meaning of an if-clause.
For more information, see had, should, were.
9. there is, there are, there exists, there comes, etc.
There is a good restaurant nearby.
There comes a time in every person’s life when she realizes that she is responsible for her own happiness, not other people.
Scientists hypothesize that there exists a certain type of particle that can travel faster than the speed of light.
Inversion is obligatory.
Usually used only with these verbs.
This form of inversion is common on the TOEFL, GMAT, and GRE, as well as in spoken and written English.
Most people remember there is and there are. BUT we must also remember that there are other verbs that we can use instead of is and are. The most common ones are exist, come, and go.
10. here is, here are, here comes, here come
Here is some good food for you to try.
Here are the books that I don’t need anymore.
Here comes the bus!
Inversion is obligatory.
Usually used only with these verbs.
You will probably not see this on the grammar section of the TOEFL or on the GMAT or GRE. It could, however, appear on the Listening Comprehension Section of the TOEFL. We use this form mostly in spoken English.
11. intro -ing
Burning out of control was the forest located in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountains.
Coming in last in the race was Joe "Elephant Legs" Blow.
Not helping the situation was little Susie, who was throwing newspaper on the spreading fire.
Inversion is obligatory.
Used only with be-verbs.
This form is not common on the TOEFL, but might show up on the GMAT or GRE.
Notice the intro –ing phrase is the complement of the be-verb.
12. emphasis
Boy am I hungry.
Is it ever hot in here!
Do you know how to cook!
Inversion is optional.
Used with all verbs.
You will probably not see this on the grammar section of the TOEFL or on the GMAT or GRE. It could, however, appear on the Listening Comprehension Section of the TOEFL. We use this form mostly in spoken English.
13. the bigger, the better
The closer an object is to another object, the greater is the gravity between the two objects.
Question form is optional.
Used with all verbs.
14. questions
Is this the last example?
Do you enjoy reading these lists?
Are we finished yet?
Inversion is obligatory.
Used with all verbs.
You will probably not see this on the grammar section of the TOEFL (TOEFL doesn't test questions anymore) or on the GMAT or GRE. It would, however, appear on the Listening Comprehension Section of the TOEFL.
15. "story speech"
“I think it’s time to go,” said Susan.
“It’s time for you, but not for me,” replied Gary.
“Maybe we should collect our thoughts for a moment,” commented Lany.
Inversion is optional.
Used with verbs that report speech.
You will probably not see this on the grammar section of the TOEFL or on the GMAT or GRE.
16. nor
No one has volunteered for the job, nor do we expect anyone to volunteer in the future.
Hok-ming cannot speak Portuguese, nor can José speak Cantonese.
The zoo regulations will not permit you to touch the animals, nor would most people advise you to do so.
Inversion is obligatory.
Used with all verbs.
You might see this on the adaptive TOEFL if you are scoring high and it could appear on the GMAT or GRE.
Remember that nor is considered a conjunction, but we use it between two sentences (not between any two elements like the other conjunctions).
17. "so do I"/ "neither do I."
“So do I.”
“So can Terry.”
“Neither do most people I know.”
Inversion is obligatory.
Used with all verbs.
You will probably not see this on the grammar section of the TOEFL or on the GMAT or GRE.
18. intro adjective
Beautiful beyond belief was my baby daughter.
Happy about their acceptance into their dream schools were Lany and Tomo.
Quick and painless will be your medical procedure.
Inversion is obligatory in most cases.
Used with be-verbs.
This one is fairly rare and probably would not appear on the TOEFL, but you might see it on the GMAT or GRE.
Inversion is sometimes not used in poetic language.
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